The library holds 21 General & GI surgery studies, published 2017–2026; 13 of them since 2024.
Study designs: 4 comparative or prospective studies, 2 retrospective studies and 15 case reports, case series and technical reports.
Quoted from the studies. Each question lists the studies that report on it.
Of 5 studies with a finding on this question: 3 report a positive finding, 2 mixed. These reflect what each study's authors report.
“The results of the Likert scale showed higher scores in the MR group than non-MR group.”
Shi 2023 · Comparative study · n: 92 patients
“The virtual stereoscopic display was critical for the surgical team to successfully separate the twins and provides a useful case study for the use of virtual reality technology in surgical planning.”
Juhnke 2019 · Case report · n: 1 patient
“The vast majority of surgeons interviewed scored their quality and usefulness as very good.”
Sampogna 2017 · Feasibility study · n: 15 patients
Of 5 studies with a finding on this question: 4 report a positive finding, 1 descriptive. These reflect what each study's authors report.
“The results indicated significant improvements in anatomy understanding and surgical precision.”
Di Mitri 2024 · Comparative study · n: 3 patients
“Confidence in the operative plan after VRM compared to 2D imaging also increased for both surgeons (by 15% and 8% for the operating and consulting surgeons, respectively).”
Lyuksemburg 2023 · Cohort study (retrospective + prospective) · n: 20 patients
“However, by immersing ourselves in virtual reality, we could comprehend the spatial relationships between the gastric wall, tumor, and surrounding arteries.”
Uozumi 2024 · Case report (video/image) · n: 1 patient
Of 3 studies with a finding on this question: 2 report a positive finding, 1 mixed. These reflect what each study's authors report.
“The concordance of the operative plan with VRM was higher than with 2D imaging (92% versus 54% for the operating surgeon and 69% versus 23% for the consulting surgeon).”
Lyuksemburg 2023 · Cohort study (retrospective + prospective) · n: 20 patients
“This case demonstrates that AR improves diagnostic accuracy, enhances intervention planning, and minimizes surgical risks.”
Grebenkov 2025 · Case report · n: 1 patient
“The median deviation between AR3D model and the gamma probe localization was 12 mm (range 0-40 mm), with 43% of cases ≤ 10 mm.”
Adawi 2026 · Prospective cohort · n: 10 patients
Of 9 studies with a finding on this question: 2 report a positive finding, 7 descriptive. These reflect what each study's authors report.
“There was a significant difference in the mean intraoperative bleeding volume between the two groups, but it was reduced in the MR group.”
Shi 2023 · Comparative study · n: 92 patients
“Compared with the MR (-) group, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay were decreased, and the number of lymph nodes harvested around the middle colic artery/vein were increased without prolonging the operative time in the MR (+) group.”
Ryu 2025 · Retrospective cohort · n: 192 patients
“No AR-related complications occurred.”
Adawi 2026 · Prospective cohort · n: 10 patients
General & GI surgery studies on this questionAll specialties
Of 7 studies with a finding on this question: 4 report a positive finding, 2 descriptive, 1 no significant difference. These reflect what each study's authors report.
“Furthermore, this technology facilitated collaborative decision-making and streamlined surgical workflows.”
Di Mitri 2024 · Comparative study · n: 3 patients
“Retrospectively, VRM were unable to be created in one patient due to a poor quality 2D image; the remainder (86%) were successfully able to be created and examined.”
Lyuksemburg 2023 · Cohort study (retrospective + prospective) · n: 20 patients
“Successful implementation was observed in 10 colorectal cancer cases, showcasing the effectiveness of MR in improving preoperative planning and its intraoperative application.”
Bracale 2024 · Case series · n: 10 patients
Adawi Q et al. · Journal of Surgical Oncology · 2026
General & GI surgery · Prospective cohort · n: 10 patients
“The median deviation between AR3D model and the gamma probe localization was 12 mm (range 0-40 mm), with 43% of cases ≤ 10 mm.”
12 mm
Di Mitri M et al. · Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
General & GI surgery · Comparative study · n: 3 patients
“The results indicated significant improvements in anatomy understanding and surgical precision.”
Lyuksemburg V et al. · The Journal of surgical research · 2023
General & GI surgery · Cohort study (retrospective + prospective) · n: 20 patients
“Retrospectively, VRM were unable to be created in one patient due to a poor quality 2D image; the remainder (86%) were successfully able to be created and examined.”
86%
Shi X et al. · The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery · 2023
General & GI surgery · Comparative study · n: 92 patients
“The results of the Likert scale showed higher scores in the MR group than non-MR group.”
Pelizzo G et al. · World journal of surgery · 2025
General & GI surgery · Retrospective case series · n: 50 patients
“Compared to conventional imaging, preoperative VR simulations modified the surgical approach in 75.0% of cases”
75.0%
Ryu S et al. · Scientific reports · 2025
General & GI surgery · Retrospective cohort · n: 192 patients
“Compared with the MR (-) group, intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay were decreased, and the number of lymph nodes harvested around the middle colic artery/vein were increased without prolonging the operative time in the MR (+) group.”
Zhang W et al. · 2026 9th International Conference on Advanced Electronic Technology, Computers and Software Engineering (AETCSE) · 2026
General & GI surgery · Technical development
Mazirka P et al. · Diseases of the colon and rectum · 2026
General & GI surgery · Technical note
Grebenkov VG et al. · Creative Surgery and Oncology · 2025
General & GI surgery · Case report · n: 1 patient
“The application of AR technology facilitated precise tumor localization, reduced the operation time, and prevented damage to vessels and adjacent anatomical structures.”
Nishiyama N et al. · Endoscopy · 2025
General & GI surgery · Case report (video/image) · n: 1 patient
“The tumor location was confirmed close to the liver, and a feeding artery and vein were identified from the forward and retroflexed views ( Fig. 3 , Fig. 4 a,b ). gEFTR ( Video 1 ) was then completed safely, with no bleeding.”
Paraboschi I et al. · European journal of pediatric surgery reports · 2025
General & GI surgery · Case report · n: 1 patient
“The procedure incorporated VR for navigation and ICG fluorescence for real-time vascular mapping, facilitating precise dissection and preservation of critical structures.”
Bracale U et al. · Cirugia espanola · 2024
General & GI surgery · Case series · n: 10 patients
“Successful implementation was observed in 10 colorectal cancer cases, showcasing the effectiveness of MR in improving preoperative planning and its intraoperative application.”
Mor E et al. · Annals of surgical oncology · 2024
General & GI surgery · Feasibility study · n: 13 patients
“When the surgical team was asked to evaluate whether the 3DAR better prepared the surgeon for planned surgical resection, 10 responses favored the 3DAR, 5 favored the 2D CT scans and 11 showed no difference (p = 0.074).”
p = 0.074
Tohi Y et al. · IJU case reports · 2024
General & GI surgery · Case report · n: 1 patient
“Novel techniques, including ultrasonography-guided placement of a guiding marker and strategic port-site placement facilitated by HoloLens2, ensured accurate tumor identification and laparoscopic resection with minimal blood loss and no intraoperative complications.”
Uozumi T et al. · Endoscopy · 2024
General & GI surgery · Case report (video/image) · n: 1 patient
“EFTR was safely completed without any intraoperative adverse events ( Video 1 ).”
Destro F et al. · Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
General & GI surgery · Case series · n: 4 patients
“The introduction in the clinical practice of a preoperative study with Virtual Reality allows a better survey of the malformation and a tailored treatment.”
Valls-Esteve A et al. · Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
General & GI surgery · Case series · n: 3 patients
“The results demonstrate that these new imaging and modeling techniques offer a promising alternative for planning complex pediatric oncological cases.”
Ivanov VM et al. · Journal of imaging · 2022
General & GI surgery · Case series · n: 8 patients
“Both techniques were used (8 clinical cases) for preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation, which allowed surgeons to verify the radicality of the operation, to have visual control of all anatomical structures near the zone of interest”
Liu T et al. · World journal of clinical cases · 2021
General & GI surgery · Case report · n: 1 patient
Juhnke B et al. · Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine · 2019
General & GI surgery · Case report · n: 1 patient
“The surgical plan to close the 1-mm interatrial communication was significantly modified based on the pre-procedural spatial awareness of the anatomy presented in the virtual visualization.”
Sampogna G et al. · Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies · 2017
General & GI surgery · Feasibility study · n: 15 patients
“Preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative guidance was feasible for all patients included in the study.”
Summarises published research on VR/AR surgical planning across all platforms. Not product labelling. For Elucis indications see /elucis.
Intended for healthcare professionals.
Summaries and quotes describe each study's methods and the findings its authors report. They are not claims by Realize Medical and may contain errors: please read the original paper. Inclusion is not an endorsement of any product or use.