Neurosurgery: How often does VR change the surgical plan?

“In 2 cases (8%), surgical planning with MxR led to the modification of the approach or the head's positioning.”

2 cases (8%)

“The surgeons changed their exploration strategy in 48.3% of the NVC cases.”

48.3%

“Based on the 3D hologram, the surgical approach was modified in 3 cases.”

3 cases

“The VR session also effectively improved the decision-making process regarding minor surgical techniques in 61.1% of cases”

61.1%

“The 3D-VR modality significantly influenced the detection of tumor-related anatomical structures (p = 0.002), recommended head positioning (p = 0.005), and surgical approach (p = 0.03).”

p = 0.005

“Image presentation using VR had a significant influence on the recommended surgical approach (P = 0.02), but no influence on the recommended patient positioning (P = 0.37) or placement of craniotomy (P = 0.09).”

P = 0.02

“The 3D-VR modality significantly influenced detection of the aneurysm-related vascular structure (p = 0.0001), the recommended head positioning (p = 0.005), and the surgical approach (p = 0.001) in the planning of microsurgical clipping.”

p = 0.001

“Skull position significantly changed in 5 out of 6 cases after 3D-AR view (P < 0.05, 20° angular adjustment).”

5 out of 6 cases

“The increasing use of such innovative technologies has completely changed the way to approach a lesion, using 3D visualization to foster a better understanding of its anatomical and vascular characteristics.”

“A positive impact on surgical planning was documented by 19 studies (67.9%)…”

67.9%

“In cranial surgery, VR has excelled in helping neurosurgeons design unique patient-specific approaches to particularly challenging tumor excisions.”

“The integrated simulation reshaped the multistep approach, allowing venous partition strategies and refined cranial reconstruction planning to be discussed, replicated, and enhanced multidisciplinarily.”

“This technological setup was employed for pre-operative and intraoperative planning and further enhanced clinical decision-making for the actual tumor resection.”

“The multi-layered and 3D model of the ST system facilitates epilepsy decision-making for both diagnosis and treatment, enhances surgical navigation, and even allows, in a robust virtual reality (VR) environment, the practice of complex surgical procedures.”

“This allowed the surgeon to plan the craniotomy location and optimize proper head position.”

“We can utilize VR/AR technologies to identify patients that will benefit from an SOKC and expand the implementation of the approach beyond its current limitations.”

“The application of advanced 3D visualization with a novel MxR system to the surgical planning of a complex fourth ventricular lesion proved relevant in designing the best surgical approach and trajectory to better identify potential intraoperative challenges and rehearse the patient-specific anatomy.”

“Modifications to 2-dimensional and "top-down" VR trajectory plans were made after "bottom-up" navigation in all cases.”

“We then revised the approach using the 360VR model, allowing us to fly through the plan and ensure that no vital structures were compromised”

“For two cases, the plan changed after reviewing the patient's 360°VR model from one based on conventional Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine imaging.”