12 Urology studies in the library address this question.
“The CT+iVR group had a significant improvement in absolute stone-free rate (33.70% vs 20.22%, P = .043) and overall < 4 mm remnant rate (62.79% vs 48.20%, P = .044).”
Cumpanas 2025 · Randomized controlled trial · n: 175 patients
“MR-assisted surgery can reduce the incidence of intraoperative complications and improve perioperative outcomes, and MR may be a good preoperative tool for planning complex renal tumor surgery.”
Yang 2022 · Randomized controlled trial · n: 92 patients
“There were no complications or positive margins noted in the VR group.”
Shirk 2019 · Comparative study · n: 60 patients
“The estimated intraoperative blood loss was also lower in the MR group compared to the control group (58.50(53.00 63.00) ml vs. 77.00(72.00 86.00) ml, p < 0.001).”
Zou 2026 · Retrospective cohort · n: 82 patients
Of 12 studies with a finding on this question: 5 report a positive finding, 2 mixed, 1 descriptive, 4 no significant difference. These reflect what each study's authors report.
Study designs: 5 randomized trials, 2 comparative or prospective studies, 2 retrospective studies, 2 reviews and 1 case report, case series or technical report.
Randomized trials: 5 trials on this question; 2 reported a positive finding, 1 mixed results, 2 no significant difference.
Duarte DM Junior et al. · International braz j urol · 2026
Urology · Randomized controlled trial · n: 45 patients
“No difference was detected regarding complication rate.”
Cumpanas AD et al. · The Journal of urology · 2025
Urology · Randomized controlled trial · n: 175 patients
“The CT+iVR group had a significant improvement in absolute stone-free rate (33.70% vs 20.22%, P = .043) and overall < 4 mm remnant rate (62.79% vs 48.20%, P = .044).”
P = .043
Yang Y et al. · Journal of endourology · 2022
Urology · Randomized controlled trial · n: 92 patients
“MR-assisted surgery can reduce the incidence of intraoperative complications and improve perioperative outcomes, and MR may be a good preoperative tool for planning complex renal tumor surgery.”
Shirk JD et al. · The Journal of urology · 2022
Urology · Randomized controlled trial · n: 92 patients
“trends toward lower positive margin rates (33% vs 25%) in the intervention group, no significant difference in functional outcomes and no difference in traditional operative metrics (p >0.05).”
p >0.05
Shirk JD et al. · JAMA network open · 2019
Urology · Randomized controlled trial · n: 92 patients
“When controlling for case complexity and other covariates, patients whose surgical planning involved 3-D VR models showed differences in operative time (odds ratio [OR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.37-2.70; estimated OR, 2.47), estimated blood loss (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.04-3.78; estimated OR, 4.56), clamp time (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.79-3.23; estimated OR, 11.22), and length of hospital stay (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.59-5.14; estimated OR, 5.43).”
Hua Y et al. · Research Square · 2025
Urology · Preprint (prospective cohort) · n: 32 patients
“No statistically significant differences in the intraoperative blood loss volume or postoperative complication rates were observed (P > 0.05).”
P > 0.05
Shirk JD et al. · Urology · 2019
Urology · Comparative study · n: 60 patients
“There were no complications or positive margins noted in the VR group.”
Zou XC et al. · World journal of surgical oncology · 2026
Urology · Retrospective cohort · n: 82 patients
“The estimated intraoperative blood loss was also lower in the MR group compared to the control group (58.50(53.00 63.00) ml vs. 77.00(72.00 86.00) ml, p < 0.001).”
p < 0.001
Zou XC et al. · Frontiers in oncology · 2024
Urology · Retrospective cohort · n: 68 patients
“All patients had negative resection margins, indicating equivalent therapeutic outcomes between the two groups.”
Lo CY et al. · BJUI compass · 2026
Urology · Systematic review
“The MR-assisted group had modest improvements in SFR compared to the control group (RR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.00-1.18; p = 0.044; I 2 = 17.3%, p = 0.29).”
RR = 1.09
Wake N et al. · Urology · 2020
Urology · Systematic review
“Existing evidence demonstrates improvement in clinical outcomes, surgical planning and intra-operative guidance, as well as training.”
Liu Y et al. · Urology · 2025
Urology · Feasibility study · n: 15 patients
“There were no occurrences of Clavien-Dindo grade≥II complications.”
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Summarises published research on VR/AR surgical planning across all platforms. Not product labelling. For Elucis indications see /elucis.
Intended for healthcare professionals.
Summaries and quotes describe each study's methods and the findings its authors report. They are not claims by Realize Medical and may contain errors: please read the original paper. Inclusion is not an endorsement of any product or use.