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Research Library · Independent literature review

Hepatobiliary & pancreatic (HPB): Does VR surgical planning reduce operating time?

6 Hepatobiliary & pancreatic (HPB) studies in the library address this question.

Hepatobiliary & pancreatic (HPB): Operating timeBar chart. Hepatobiliary & pancreatic (HPB): Operating time. Comparative or prospective studies 2, Retrospective studies 1, Surveys and user studies 1, Reviews 1, Case reports & technical 1.RESEARCH LIBRARY · INDEPENDENT LITERATURE REVIEWHepatobiliary & pancreatic (HPB):Operating time6 studies in the library, by study designComparative or prospecti…2Retrospective studies1Surveys and user studies1Reviews1Case reports & technical1Positive findingMixedDescriptiveNo significant differenceRealize Medical Research Library · 631 studies · updated 2026-10-03

Where time gains were reported

  • Positive finding
    “The median time for correct identification was 23.5 [4-138] s using the magnetic resonance imaging images and 6.00 [1-35] s using HoloLens (p < 0.001)”

    Pelanis 2020 · Comparative study

  • Positive finding
    “Compared to traditional hepatectomy in Group B, MR-assisted hepatectomy in Group A yielded a shorter operation time (202.86 ± 46.02 min vs 229.52 ± 57.13 min, P = 0.003)”

    Zhu 2022 · Retrospective cohort · n: 95 patients

  • Positive finding
    “The implementation of the LiverXR-Plan system significantly reduced the overall preoperative planning time across both cohorts.”

    Guo 2026 · Preprint (controlled trial)

  • Descriptive
    “Tumor assignment was significantly shorter with 3D PR models compared to 3D PDF (P<0.001) or VR application (P<0.001).”

    Huettl 2021 · Comparative study · n: 20 cases

How strong is the evidence?

Of 6 studies with a finding on this question: 3 report a positive finding, 2 descriptive, 1 no significant difference. These reflect what each study's authors report.

Study designs: 2 comparative or prospective studies, 1 retrospective study, 1 survey or user study, 1 review and 1 case report, case series or technical report.

All 6 studies

Virtual reality and 3D printing improve preoperative visualization of 3D liver reconstructions-results from a preclinical comparison of presentation modalities and user's preference #

Huettl F et al. · Annals of translational medicine · 2021

Hepatobiliary & pancreatic (HPB) · Comparative study · n: 20 cases

Descriptive
“Tumor assignment was significantly shorter with 3D PR models compared to 3D PDF (P<0.001) or VR application (P<0.001).”

P<0.001

DOIPubMedFree full text

Use of mixed reality for improved spatial understanding of liver anatomy #

Pelanis E et al. · Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies · 2020

Hepatobiliary & pancreatic (HPB) · Comparative study

Positive finding
“The median time for correct identification was 23.5 [4-138] s using the magnetic resonance imaging images and 6.00 [1-35] s using HoloLens (p < 0.001)”

p < 0.001

DOIPubMedFree full text

Application value of mixed reality in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma #

Zhu LY et al. · World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2022

Hepatobiliary & pancreatic (HPB) · Retrospective cohort · n: 95 patients

Positive finding
“Compared to traditional hepatectomy in Group B, MR-assisted hepatectomy in Group A yielded a shorter operation time (202.86 ± 46.02 min vs 229.52 ± 57.13 min, P = 0.003)”

P = 0.003

DOIPubMedFree full text

Virtual Reality for Surgical Planning - Evaluation Based on Two Liver Tumor Resections #

Reinschluessel AV et al. · Frontiers in surgery · 2022

Hepatobiliary & pancreatic (HPB) · Qualitative/user study · n: 2 patients

Descriptive
“The participants used on average 14.3 min (SD = 3.59) to plan the cases in VR.”

14.3 min

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[Augmented and virtual reality in surgery: fields of application and exploratory studies exemplified by VIVATOP : Perioperative surgical planning and intraoperative support] #

Weyhe D et al. · Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025

Hepatobiliary & pancreatic (HPB) · Narrative review

No significant difference
“Schnitt-Naht-Zeit ( p = 0,665), die Krankenhausverweildauer ( p = 0,317) und die Dauer des Intensivaufenthalts ( p = 0,063) unterscheiden sich nicht zwischen Interventions- und Kontrollgruppe”

p = 0,665

DOIPubMedFree full text

Extended Reality-Based Hepatic Surgical Planning: Impact on Task Time, Anatomic Accuracy, and Cognitive Burden in Novice Surgeons #

Guo J et al. · Research Square · 2026

Hepatobiliary & pancreatic (HPB) · Preprint (controlled trial)

Positive finding
“The implementation of the LiverXR-Plan system significantly reduced the overall preoperative planning time across both cohorts.”

37.24 to 17.33 min (students); 31.61 to 18.37 min (residents)

DOI

All hepatobiliary & pancreatic (hpb) studiesThis question across specialtiesBrowse the whole library

Summarises published research on VR/AR surgical planning across all platforms. Not product labelling. For Elucis indications see /elucis.

Intended for healthcare professionals.

Summaries and quotes describe each study's methods and the findings its authors report. They are not claims by Realize Medical and may contain errors: please read the original paper. Inclusion is not an endorsement of any product or use.