20 Neurosurgery studies in the library address this question.
“In 2 cases (8%), surgical planning with MxR led to the modification of the approach or the head's positioning.”
Colombo 2026 · Comparative study · n: 50 cases (25 MxR, 25 control)
“The percentage deviation between both groups was 5.9%, indicating high transferability of preoperative planning.”
Lehmann 2026 · Validation study · n: 83 patients
“The surgeons changed their exploration strategy in 48.3% of the NVC cases.”
Wang 2024 · Prospective cohort · n: 40 patients
“During phantom testing, registration errors remained below 2.0 mm and 2.0° for both AR-based navigation and conventional neuronavigation, with no significant difference between both systems.”
Van Gestel 2023 · Prospective cohort · n: 20 patients
Study designs: 5 comparative or prospective studies, 1 retrospective study, 1 survey or user study and 13 case reports, case series and technical reports.
Colombo E et al. · Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.) · 2026
Neurosurgery · Comparative study · n: 50 cases (25 MxR, 25 control)
“In 2 cases (8%), surgical planning with MxR led to the modification of the approach or the head's positioning.”
2 cases (8%)
Lehmann S et al. · Brain & spine · 2026
Neurosurgery · Validation study · n: 83 patients
“The percentage deviation between both groups was 5.9%, indicating high transferability of preoperative planning.”
5.9%
Wang J et al. · Neurosurgical focus · 2024
Neurosurgery · Prospective cohort · n: 40 patients
“The surgeons changed their exploration strategy in 48.3% of the NVC cases.”
48.3%
Van Gestel F et al. · Frontiers in neurology · 2023
Neurosurgery · Prospective cohort · n: 20 patients
“During phantom testing, registration errors remained below 2.0 mm and 2.0° for both AR-based navigation and conventional neuronavigation, with no significant difference between both systems.”
Colombo E et al. · Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.) · 2023
Neurosurgery · Prospective cohort · n: 107 cases
“Based on the 3D hologram, the surgical approach was modified in 3 cases.”
3 cases
Zanuttini L et al. · Acta neurochirurgica · 2025
Neurosurgery · Retrospective case series · n: 9 patients (10 procedures)
“The additional planning time for segmentation averaged 45 min.”
45 min
Chilappa R et al. · Epileptic disorders · 2025
Neurosurgery · Survey/user study · n: 5 patient datasets
“Survey results from 18 faculty members regarding seven questions indicated that AREP was user-friendly and can be effective in presurgical planning moving forward.”
Zhang T et al. · Brain sciences · 2026
Neurosurgery · Technical development
“An expert study across four common brain tumor locations demonstrated that the MOO model significantly outperformed manual methods in satisfying safety criteria.”
Konovalov A et al. · Surgical neurology international · 2025
Neurosurgery · Case series · n: 20 patients
“Preoperative modeling required 15.3 ± 5.1 min, while AR navigation averaged 12.7 ± 3.2 min.”
15.3 ± 5.1 min
Olexa J et al. · Frontiers in surgery · 2024
Neurosurgery · Case report · n: 1 patient
“This technology allows for efficient and accurate registration of a patient's 3D anatomical model onto their head while positioned in the operating room.”
Guo J et al. · Acta neurochirurgica · 2024
Neurosurgery · Case report · n: 1 patient
“Gross total resection and favorable functional outcome were finally achieved.”
Hari K et al. · Medical Imaging · 2023
Neurosurgery · Technical development
“Initial responses indicated that the prototype could be an effective surgical teaching and planning tool for less-experienced neurosurgeons because it could allow neurosurgeons to view physical and image space simultaneously.”
Stifano V et al. · Journal of neurosurgical sciences · 2023
Neurosurgery · Case series · n: 5 patients
“The graphic performance was also deemed very satisfactory.”
Yan X et al. · Acta neurochirurgica · 2023
Neurosurgery · Case report · n: 1 patient
“During the operation, we successfully identified the planned relationship between the aneurysm and the fetal PCA.”
Antonelli M et al. · Digital health · 2023
Neurosurgery · Feasibility study · n: 1 patient
“We have successfully created a valuable and easy-to-use neuroimaging data mixed reality app, laying the foundation for more future clinical uses, as more models and data derived from various biomedical images can be imported.”
Noecker AM et al. · Brain stimulation · 2023
Neurosurgery · Technical development
Morales Mojica CM et al. · Journal of digital imaging · 2021
Neurosurgery · Technical development
“A preliminary qualitative evaluation revealed that holographic visualization of high-resolution 3D MRI data offers an intuitive and interactive perspective of the complex brain vasculature and anatomical structures.”
Ivan ME et al. · Neurosurgical focus · 2021
Neurosurgery · Feasibility study · n: 11 patients
“Five patient procedures were rated as having an excellent correspondence degree, 5 had an adequate correspondence degree, and 1 had poor correspondence.”
Weunski CJ et al. · Research Square · 2020
Neurosurgery · Preprint (technical development) · n: 1 patient
“Feedback from testing the prototype indicated potential for augmented reality to assist an interventionalist in spatial understanding and depth perception of spatially complex anatomy and could increase confidence in pre-procedural planning.”
Incekara F et al. · World neurosurgery · 2018
Neurosurgery · Feasibility study · n: 25 patients
“Holograms were successfully created in all cases.”
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Summarises published research on VR/AR surgical planning across all platforms. Not product labelling. For Elucis indications see /elucis.
Intended for healthcare professionals.
Summaries and quotes describe each study's methods and the findings its authors report. They are not claims by Realize Medical and may contain errors: please read the original paper. Inclusion is not an endorsement of any product or use.